Game Changers

George Pratt Shultz is the Thomas W. and Susan B. Ford Distinguished Fellow at the Hoover Institution. He is one of two individuals who have held four different cabinet posts; has taught at three of this country's great universities; and for eight years was president of a major engineering and construction company. Shultz was sworn in on July 16, 1982, as the sixtieth US secretary of state and served until January 20, 1989. He is advisory council chair of the Precourt Institute for Energy at Stanford University, USA, chair of the MIT Energy Initiative External Advisory Board, and chair of the Hoover Institution's Shultz-Stephenson Task Force on Energy Policy. He has also authored many books, most recently Issues on My Mind: Strategies for the Future. Robert C. Armstrong is director of MITEI. He was cochair of the Energy Research Council that laid the groundwork for MITEI and served as deputy director for the initiative's initial six years, during which time it funded more than eight hundred research projects. Armstrong is the Chevron Professor of Chemical Engineering and has been a member of the MIT faculty since 1973. He headed the Department of Chemical Engineering from 1996 to 2007. His research interests include polymer fluid mechanics, rheology of complex materials, and energy. In 2008, Armstrong was elected into the National Academy of Engineering for conducting outstanding research on non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, co-authoring landmark textbooks, and providing leadership in chemical engineering education.