Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys (Online Version)

Rafael Colás has a B.Eng. (Met.) from Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico, and a M.Met. and Ph.D. from the University of Sheffield, UK. He held the post of Professor in the Faculty of Engineering at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (1984-87) and as Research Manager at Hylsa, S.A. de C.V., a major integrated steelworks in Monterrey, Mexico (1987-92). He was appointed as Professor in the Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León in 1992. He has carried out research stays at universities in the UK and Canada. He spent a sabbatical leave as a Professor at the University of Ghent, Belgium from 2001-02. He was President of the Monterrey Chapter of the Mexican Foudrymen's Society from 2002-03. He was appointed Director of the Centre for Innovation, Research, and Development in Engineering and Technology of Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León from 2010-13. He is President of the Mexican Chapter of the Association for Iron and Steel Technology until 2016. He was admitted to the Mexican Academy of Engineering in 1987 and to the Mexican Academy of Sciences in 2000. He was recognized as a Fellow of ASM International in 2004. He is the author of more than 180 papers published in journals indexed within the Journal Citation Report, and of more than 370 papers published in non-indexed journals and in the proceedings of national and international events. He has supervised the research work of more than 120 students who have obtained their under- and postgraduate degrees. He has been invited as an external examiner of Ph.D. theses of students from American, Australian, Belgian, Canadian, and Chilean universities.George E. Totten, Ph.D, FASM, is the President and Founder of G.E. Totten & Associates, LLC, Seattle, Washington, USA. He has more than 31 years of experience in the heat treating and fluids/lubricants industry. His most recent work has focused on metalworking quenchants (heat treating), hydraulic fluids technology, and lubricant formulation and testing. Widely published, Dr. Totten has worked extensively within SAE International, ASM International, and ASTM International committees. He is also past president of the International Federation for Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering (IFHTSE).