There are significant agreements between the Didache and the Gospel of Matthew as these writings share words, phrases and motifs. In modern scholarship, there seems to be an increasing reluctance, however, to support the thesis that the Didache used Matthew. And, indeed, such a close relationship might equally suggest that both documents were created in the same historical and geographical setting, for example in the Greek-speaking part of Syria. If the Didache and Matthew did indeed emanate from the same geographical, social, and cultural setting, new questions arise. Who were the Christians standing behind the Didache and Matthew? Can we trace the developing interests of the respective community or communities in the different textual layers of the Didache and Matthew? Is it possible to frame the congregation(s) within the social history of Jews and Jewish believers-in-Jesus in first-century Syria? What stage of development or separation between Christians, Jewish Christians, and Jews is envisaged? In order to invite discussion and exchange ideas on this fundamental issue, an international conference was organized by the Tilburg Faculty of Theology in April 2003. Scholars of related fields (New Testament, Second Temple Judaism, Liturgy, Patristic Studies) were brought together to debate about the matter in the light of their diverse specialties and previous research. This volume contains the edited proceedings of the meeting of experts. Huub van de Sandt is lecturer in New Testament Studies at the Tilburg Faculty of Theology. Together with the late David Flusser, he is the author of The Didache. Its Jewish Sources and its Place in Early Judaism and Christianity (2002). Thisstimulating collection of essays from an international group of scholars provides extensive and insightful exploration of the possible relationships between the Gospel of Matthew and the Didache, and of the location of both texts in Jewish/Christian contexts. Warren Carter, Professor of New Testament, Saint Paul School of Theology, Kansas City, Missouri. Matthew and the Didache I Milieu 1 Hypotheses on the Development of Judaism and Christianity in Syria in the Period after 70 C.E. - Bas ter Haar Romeny 2 The Milieu of Matthew, the Didache, and Ignatius of Antioch: Agreements and Differences - Clayton N. Jefford II The Two Documents: Their Provenance and Origin 3 The History and Social Setting of the Matthean Community - Wim Weren 4 When, Why, and for Whom Was the Didache Created? Insights into the Social and Historical Setting of the Didache communities - Aaron Milavec III Two Documents from the Same Jewish-Christian Milieu? 5 The Sermon on the Mount and the Two Ways Teaching of the Didache - Kari Syreeni 6 The Use of the Synoptics or Q in Did. 1: 3b-2: 1 - John S. Kloppenborg 7 The Halakhic Evidence of Didache 8 and Matthew 6 and the Didache Community's Relationship to Judaism - Peter J. Tomson 8 Didache 9-10: A Litmus Test for the Research on Early Christian Liturgy Eucharist - Gerard Rouwhorst 9 Les charismatiques itinerants dans la Didache et dans l'Evangile de Matthieu (with an English abstract) - Andre Tuilier 10 Two Windows on a Developing Jewish-Christian Reproof Practice: Matt 18: 15-17 and Did. 15: - Huub van de Sandt 11 Eschatology in the Didache and the Gospel of Matthew - Joseph Verheyden 12 Do the Didache and Matthew Reflect an Irrevocable Parting of the Ways withJudaism? - Jonathan A. Draper
