The Triple Challenge for Europe

Jan Fagerberg is professor at the University of Oslo, where he is affiliated with the Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, and at Ålborg University, where he is at the Department of Business and Management. He also has an affiliation with CIRCLE at Lund University. In his research Fagerberg has among other things focused on the relationship between technology (innovation and diffusion) on the one hand and competitiveness, economic growth anddevelopment on the other. He has also worked on innovation theory, innovation systems and innovation policy and has published extensively on these and other topics in books and journalsStaffan Laestadius is professor emeritus of Industrial Dynamics at Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, KTH (Royal Instutute of Technology) in Stockholm, Sweden. He is also chairing the Senior Advisory Board for Climate Change at the Swedish Think Tank Global Utmaning (Global Challenge). Recently he published a policy analysis on the conditions for combining a climate change mitigation policy with the Swedish welfare system (Laestadius, S., 2013: Klimatet och välfärden, Umeå: Boreabokförlag).Ben Martin is Professor of Science and Technology Policy Studies in SPRU, University of Sussex. Between 1996 and 2004, he served as SPRU Director. He is also an Associate Fellow at the Centre for Science and Policy (CSaP), and Senior Visiting Fellow at the Centre for Business Research, Judge Business School, both at the University of Cambridge. His research for the last 35 years has focused on science policy. He helped pioneer techniques for evaluating scientific laboratories, researchprogrammes, and national scientific performance, and for conducting 'technology foresight'. In recent years, he has conducted research on the benefits from government funding of basic research, the changing nature and role of the university, the impact of the UK Research Assessment Exercise, creativeknowledge environments, and the evolution of the field of science policy and innovation studies. Since 2004, he has been Editor of Research Policy.