The Member States of the European Union

Simon Bulmer graduated in European Studies from Loughborough University, and then took a Masters in European Politics at Hull, followed by his PhD at the London School of Economics. He was lecturer in the Department of Economics, Heriot-Watt University (1979-83), in European Studies at UMIST (1983-9) and then joined the Department of Government at the University of Manchester, where he was promoted to a professorship in 1995 and was Head of Department 2001-4. Since2007 he has been Professor of European Politics at the University of Sheffield, where he was Head of Department 2011-14. He is a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences, and visiting professor at LUISS Guido Carli University in Rome.Christian Lequesne holds BA and MA degrees from Sciences Po Strasbourg and the College of Europe, Bruges. He then got his Ph.D. in political science and his Habilitation in Sciences Po Paris (Supervisor: Professor Alfred Grosser). He was an Assistant, Department of Political and Administrative Studies of the College of Europe (1986-1988). Research fellow and then Professor at Sciences Po since 1988, he was deputy director of CERI from 2000 to 2003, and director of CERI from 2009 to 2013.Director of the Centre français de recherche en sciences sociales (CEFRES) in Prague from 2004 to 2006, LSE-Sciences Po Alliance Professor at the European Institute of the London School of Economics from 2006 to 2008 and member and vice-president of the Board of Directors of Sciences Po from 2007 to 2013.He is a regular Visiting Professor at the Diplomatic Academy in Vienna and LUISS Guido Carli University in Rome.